NEW MEDIA ART EDUCATION CENTRE FOR CONTEMPORARY ART Luigi Pecci, 23 - 24 November 2007
Henry Jenkins, the Convergence Culture Consortium (C3) MIT , with his work will describe the enormous amount of information that flows through the media and the audience moving along the media channels looking for different forms of entertainment. Content is still partially defined and imposed from above but to a large extent discounted by the desires and expectations of the audience. In this sense, the expression ' Participatory Culture 'tries to give an alternative to the old belief of a passive spectator. Those who were once divided into producers and consumers in the current media system can be redefined as participants in interaction with each other according to new rules. This mutual interaction is encoded in the concept of 'intelligence joint 'which stresses the need to bring together and work together the multiplicity of skills that each individual is a carrier. Collective intelligence, as described by Tom Atlee, Douglas Engelbart, Cliff Joslyn, Ron Dembo and other theorists, is a particular mode of intelligence that exceeds both the groupthink (and their tendencies to conformism) as the individual cognition, allowing a community to cooperate in maintaining reliable intellectual performance. In this sense, it is an effective method of consensus building and could be considered as an object of study of sociology. Another pioneer of collective intelligence was George Por, author in 1995 The Quest for Cognitive Intelligence . He described this phenomenon in his blog as the ability of a human community to evolve towards a superior ability to solve problems, thinking and integration through collaboration and innovation. These concepts are inserted into a system characterized by information overload (information overload), in which the student and also for the professor, you can not manage alone the huge amount of input. Manuel Castells argues that society is characterized by an enormous computing power given by math processors and the new technology that creates new and unexpected dell'iperlink semantic connections.
The academic community shift from printing index, based space-time of the actual book, an index ricombinatorio that obliges us to manage an emergency semantics by implementing a ' control combinatorial explosion . This term means that the system (man) must be able to realize when he has sufficient knowledge of a particular object and when they are driving routes that would lead to an excessive amplification of the knowledge needed to solve a certain problem.
To do this the system (man) must be in possession of methodologies and critical. But where to find these critical tools? The fact that the same problem existed before the advent and spread of the printing press with its pages and indices ordered, and by his science and his method, before the advent of the printed book, the problem was to order between the various manuscripts, the various versions, the various texts scattered monasteries, libraries and places of study, and then resorted to critical methodologies that would set the routes, patterns, structures of knowledge. These methods were the Trivium and Quadrivium and today, through a typical 'recovery' are re-enacting in INSTRUMENTS critics as the "technopoetica" and the "laws of media".
The technopoetica is based on the logic of tetrads: f u Edward T. Hall to say first that all human artifacts are extensions of man himself 1 , Hans Hass notes that this power to create additional authorities protein (virtual) is an enormous in terms of evolution, a step fraught with serious consequences: incalculable 2 . To the epistemologist K. Popper exosomatic man faces an evolution in which the organic wet, the wet, dry meets Technologically, the dry, and Roy Ascott defines the environment as 'emulsified' moist.
The first thing to understand is what a medium can be defined as a relationship model of our sensory and active at the same time as a metaphor for the power to translate; medium is what is in the middle, the medium is not a thing but a function, or is the relationship between the variables is expressed as an equation (but not the only way). The media become signs for a link. These signs lacks the character of the size, shape, are signs for an infinite number of possible situations of the same type only if they are understood as units are significant 3 . The medium is the configuration of the background effects in the sense that the process of reality in which man is involved, the awareness that man has of itself, is basically an understanding of the functions of (object and cultural) that is involved. It 'a pattern figure / ground 4 . The medium c onditions the body / mind attitudes to planning for specific information flows has effects on the shapes of the content, so we develop different skills for different media and cultural galaxies on average. Today, the main medium is electricity and the galaxy of media is composed of all the previous writing chirography (multimedia graphics), printing (ASCII keyboard), photography, radio, television, as most new digital hypertext. This new electronic media galaxy could have seriously need tools to understand its effects on any topic, artifact, meaning ... or simply have tools to enable and enhance creativity. These tools are comments on the functioning and the effects of the artifacts of man by man and society since the artifact is simply a tool to work on anything but an extension of our body, accomplished through the ' artificial addition virtual organ (just moist).
These empirical observations are encoded in actions that constitute a practical means of perception, this pragmatic approach is called 'Tetrad' 5 . Takes the form of four interrelated questions that the subject and the subject should be put on the object, the objects that are going to observed to ask what is reclaimed, it is extended, it is rendered obsolete, what will be transformed. The questions are interdependent and you need to observe is how the four responses interact (resonate) with each other. In fact, every human artifact be it mental or material generates an interlaced environment effects, and it is these effects and how they are interlaced, which allow us, as in ancient 'quadrivium', (the intersection of four roads, four definitions) to guess the meaning, the identity of an object, concept, or the medium itself, which by definition is dynamic.
The questions reveal the interconnections and placed as a rule-critical method, in this sense can be called laws and constitute a true method of empirical knowledge. The four laws are complementary and require observation of all four aspects, in fact, although there are linkages and interdependencies of the tetrad is not a sequential process, but it is a simultaneous process, there is no "right way" to read the tetrad because it must be a simultaneous process . Once you make a tetrad, the answers are taken individually and makes the derivation of meanings, thus opening a chain of meaning that they "emerge" more hidden meanings related.
And 'This is a critical praxis that allows us to analyze the complex galaxy of electronic media and information society, and could mark the transition from a critical practice based on indexes to a more critical practice dialectic. 6
To understand this shift from the indexes in object-practice methodological criticisms (which is also a social and cultural change over that a simple mutation instrumental) must look to the knowledge of how media companies are in fact always been shaped more by the nature of the media by which men communicate, from the content of communication. Yesterday the alphabet and the printing shall promote and encourage a process of fragmentation, specialization and separation (which created the printing and related indices), now the electric technology fosters and encourages unification and the interest. Today electricity presents a model of knowledge Hypertext and electricity forces us to come into possession of new capacity-critical methodology. The changes that are happening are summarized in the statement by Roy Ascott, Technoetica Professor and Director of the Planetary Collegium, which we pass from content to context, object to the process, from the perspective of immersion, the receipt of the negotiation, the representation construction ... 7
DeKerckhove Derrick, director of the McLuhan Program in Culture & Technology at the University of Toronto, to try to give meaning and order to the chaotic social and psychological conditions created by new technologies 8 brought the concept of 'connected intelligence' This concept refers to the form of intelligence related to new electronic media, digital and interactive.
In view of the connectivity we face a more re-reading 'of many of the significant transformations of the 21st century as the advent of electric medium, the development of IT and networks, the emergence of hypertext and the development of interactivity. The 'connectivity' is - the tendency to join through a link or relationship entities' previously separate or disconnected 9 ... can 'be seen as a property and then, in terms mcluhaniani, as the message of electricity.
Today, man is faced with a mutation induced by electric technology, a highly innovative technological reality in constant activity, that changes and evolves so quickly and that makes most of our knowledge and our references to obsolete and outdated. The man is led to relate to an unusual reference to the known, using the metaphor of looking within themselves and the similarities that may define operational concepts. This behavior is related to a survival mechanism, and today we are in a desperate search of "similarities" between the old concepts of the digital revolution and the unknown of the third millennium.
De Kerckhove retrieves a sentence of Moliere - a gentleman, 'a person who knows everything without having learned nothing 10 - this phrase describes our condition in relation to the computer network and defines the fundamental novelty of the intelligence of man of today 'ignorance'. When the man is connected to the computer network extends its memory and his knowledge that comes to embrace a vast amount of information. This information is often difficult to find because of the immensity of the database. So with telematics have access to "everything and nothing", but the improvement of the computer network with the creation and improvement of systems to improve the "relevance of access 11 "create a situation where the best resource is their 'ignorance'.
Our be 'gentlemen' is so 'closely tied to this important change in values \u200b\u200bsince - today Paradoxically, what has value is what we know and what we know 12 .- For the Canadian current age is an era of anthropological mutation, comparable dell'Atene at the time of the fourth century. To address the burden constituted by the strangeness of new relationships and new processes actually implemented by new technologies, new possibilities, new attitudes, new dimensions, new words, knowledge acquired, it stands as an obstacle to the willingness to learn and change.
fact, there is now the necessity 'of a "new knowledge" identifiable with "a good ability to' trial 'that is born - from the cooperation of mind and body ... synergy derives from the experience of critical methodologies and not just from education ' 13 .- In fact, in Western culture is now going on a theoretical and cultural change that is dependent on technology, ... The connective intelligence is defined by the vast potential offered by new technologies and defines that - when you can do whatever you want, the question ceases to be what you can do but what you do becomes 14 .
The connective intelligence can be considered an expression of limitless potential where the cognitive agent becomes the focus of choice and implemented. The centerpiece is the connective intelligence "to want to do critical.
Derrick De Kerckhove using, simultaneously, the prospect of techno-psychological and psycho-technology, examines the metamorphosis of man dividing it between psychological factors and technology. Orality is the tribal, the writing and printing individuality, on radio and TV community and then to the internet, specifically to web connectivity. The connectivity situation is characterized by a perpetual transformation and a complexity that can cope with only an intelligence defined by an indiscriminate participation, indispensable and irreplaceable for everybody. As Pierre Levy argues, recovering the notion of collective intelligence, complexity and variety of life match the complexity and variety of knowledge 15 . According to De Kerckhove knowledge continues to coincide with a rational and scientific and is the result of education through the study of mnemonic information. But it is more radical when you ask what value can have that kind of knowledge in an age where you can access information that is our memory that can be entrusted with computer hardware, and when, because of the fast and continuous redefinition of instruments that are more advanced there is no one who can teach us if not our own experimentation personal criticism.
What value? Little or none. What is valuable today is not knowledge at all. Knowledge today is the ability to manage critical exchange and communication made possible by new technologies power the communication. The 'connectivity' becomes the social condition or state exactly as are the community ol'individualità. These conditions are inherent to the man who according to cultural and technological environment in which they live tends to develop aspects of his personality that are defined more by the same technological environment. The computer now acts as a catalyst collective dimension of human and process information. The information that remains - that elusive condition consists of at least two people in contact with each other ... for example, in conversation or in collaboration 16 - and the medium that develops this condition is digital. If it increases the Internet connectivity of the telegraph and telephone, replacing the connection between two points to an infinite multitude of nodes, digital technology, through hyperlinks and multimedia technology is able to articulate and make tangible the tendency of men to the interaction. Thus the connective intelligence is a mental condition that emerges spontaneously and voluntarily by the association of a multiplicity of individual minds. And 'the effect of the multiplication of the individual skills of each lot of people in front of each other for a period of time defined by a coherent network of relationships. It 's a concept close to that of artificial intelligence, as well as animal intelligence or emotional intelligence. E ' some very fruitful because it allows people to discover new ways of thinking, connecting a single mind to the other rather than, as was the industrial age, isolated in his own speculation of solutions to a problem. Connective Intelligence is a concept that allows an individual to investigate, expose and develop opportunities for interconnection between people. And 'the natural result of the sharing of talent and resources of many people to accomplish a task, producing a sufficient number of operational concepts and develop a strategy.
Western man tends to have a vision of the creative mind like a private property of the individual mind and do not need the assistance and cooperation of the body. But the Japanese are aware thinkers for many centuries that the space between people is rich and full of activity and intelligent beings. In this sense, the connective intelligence may have the same age as the first conversation, the first community. And only now can we understand the expression of connective intelligence because it is common that new reality is emerging, thanks to digital communication technologies in various sectors of society. Through the Internet and its applications, new kinds of consciousness are shared among people in new associative models and new configurations of social knowledge is being defined. 17 Today the figure shows 'intellectual Gentleman', which according to Canon of Moliere, knows everything without having learned anything, today because this state of 'ignorance' is the best resource. Our being "gentlemen" is so closely tied to a major shift in values \u200b\u200bbecause - paradoxically today what has value is what we know and what we know. Today at the encyclopedic knowledge replacing the critical knowledge, or 'intellectual gentleman' has to know how to retrieve, select, sort, check 'ricombinatoria explosion' of information and to do so must be aware of critical methodologies and heuristics that allow to move in this new cultural supernova, these methodologies can be technopoetica of the tetrads.
1 See ET Hall, The Silent Language , Greenwood Press, 1980, ISBN 978-0313222771
2 See Hans Hass, Hodder & Stoughton, 1968, ASIN: B000S9XD52
3 See Francesco Monico, lesson 5, The prospect alphabetical , held at the Nuova Accademia di Belle Arti Milano, 2006
4 Ibid.
5 Marshall and Eric McLuhan, The Law of Media, the new science , Edizioni Lavoro, Rome, 1994.
6 Personally I have used many times in my consulting (RaiClick, RaiSat, LPolinoroWorkshop for Alessi, H3G), the 'Tetrad' and I always got good risulatti, both as a critical tool that as a creative tool. Also use the teatrade even within the teaching and the results in this area applied to the relationship between the individual and society-technology are excellent. In this sense, the tetrad is a technoetico.
7 ... the mind and brain self-distributed, from nature to artificial life, the certainty to the contingency, the resolution to the emergency by comportameto forms to forms of behavior, in Roy Ascott, Syncretic Strategies , pg 31, Paper of the Symposium, 'FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions about Art, Consciousness & Technology', SESC Avenida Paulista, 119 Paraiso, Sao Paulo 1 Dec 2006.
8 Cfr., D. De Kerckhove, Connected Intelligence , Kogan Page Ltd, 1998, ISBN 978-0749427801
9 Ibidem, p.144 (“...is the tendency for separate and previously unrelated entities to be joined by a link or a relationship”)
10 D. De Kerckhove, Connected Intelligence , cit, p.81, Kogan Page Ltd, 1998, ISBN 978-0749427801
11 cit.p.81 Ibid.
12 Ibid p. 171.
13 D. De Kerckhove, The Skin of Culture , p. 72, Costa & Nolan, 1996 ISBN 88.7648.254.7
14 Ibidem, cit. P. 194.
15 O. Levy, Collective Intelligence: Mankind's Emerging World in Cyberspace , cit. P.144, Plenum Publishing Corporation, 1997 ISBN 978-0306456350
16 D. De Kerckhove, Connected Intelligence , cit, p.30, Kogan Page Ltd, 1998, ISBN 978-0749427801
17 Francesco Monico, Matrix, Introduction to the School of Communication, Toronto , McLuhan Program in Culture & Technology, University of Toronto, Toronto 2001, paper.
